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A scale model is a physical model which is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles.

Structural concepts revolve around what is known as the static equilibrium of a body. When acting and reacting forces on a structural body are equal this is what is known as the structure's state of equilibrium. Stabilisation systems help to combat swaying bridges/buildings making use of tuned/spring mass dampers.